History of the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

History of the Internet - Essay Example This paper will follow the history, development and advancement of web and how World Wide Web has changed the world which depends on the vision, hard work and devotion of a couple of submitted individuals. Web is a system of systems that joins numerous administration, college and private PCs together. It gives a foundation to the utilization of email, announcement sheets, record chronicles, hypertext reports and other computational assets (Slater, 2002). This system transports information and messages across separations which can be anyplace from a similar office to anyplace on the planet. The web today is an across the board data structure and the underlying model of web is frequently called the National Informatics Infrastructure and has a mind boggling history. The historical backdrop of web can be followed back to the dispatch and circle of Sputnik I in 1957 which sent logical and mental stun waves in the science strategy network just as all through American governmental issues and the American open (Russell, 2001). This shaped the reason for crucial forward leaps in American science, which brought about a sensational increment of government spending on logical exploration. Followi ng this, President Eisenhower made an office known as Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA later known as DARPA) which would be answerable for planning propelled, high-hazard research that could prompt mechanical discoveries for the military at the stature of cold war. The possibility of ARPA was fundamentally molded by a gathering of researchers who expected that the administration either abused or misjudged current science and innovation. Since World War II researchers had been investigating how exceptional processing could improve national security. The SAGE air safeguard framework, financed by the Air Force was created by the MIT researchers during the 1950s (Russell, 2001). PCs were at first utilized as group handling number-crunchers yet accordingly they were utilized to work with individuals continuously to

Image of the Native American Essay Example for Free

Picture of the Native American Essay In this concise presentation, the picture of Native Americans can maybe be excessively rearranged that all Europeans treated them awful. That isn't the situation in light of the fact that numerous local individuals were agreeable and needed to impart to their newly discovered companions. Some way or another, the conditions started to turn out badly for certain Europeans and locals. This paper will talk about three central matters about the portrayal of the locals and their relationship with the Europeans. A. Christopher Columbus story of dealings with the Native individuals in Hispaniola. B. Indeed, even Bradford examines his first contact and the Indian’s lack of approachability. C. Furthermore, the distinction in the outline of Native Americans contrasted with Columbus and Bradford. Obviously, Columbus warmed up to a portion of the local clans in Hispaniola, albeit a large number of his companions detested his relationship with the local individuals. Those clans didn't show any opposition or animosity towards the fresh debuts at the outset. However, the circumstance between the locals and the Europeans got ugly; the Europeans requested them to give up all gold metal and to gracefully ladies from their clans (Baym, 2008, p.24). Over the long haul, Columbus reemerged in 1494 examining the indefensible situation of the locals compellingly submitting to an uncontrollable and unpalatable gathering of pilgrims. This on-going issue with the Europeans carried no desire for the locals to set up a well disposed and equivalent enduring relationship. Be that as it may, Columbus conversation of the issues in Hispaniola, were indistinguishable in different ways contrasted with Bradford’s record of the locals. Essentially, Bradford examined their experience with the Native American as momentary to start with. Their quest for others such as themselves demonstrated fruitless in light of the fact that no different Europeans were in the encompassing zone other than close by Natives. Some Native individuals got concealing or running far from Bradford and his gathering in all likelihood having to do with prior issues with irresistible illnesses (Baym2008, p. 64). As things advanced for the Separates, a portion of their devices were taken by the locals and couldn't recover them back until they met with a local that spoke somewhat English (baym, 2008, p. 68). This local was known as Samoset, who came legitimately into their place of staying and talked have hearted English to speak with the Pilgrims. Along these lines, setting up an open relationship with the Natives, which brought a fresh start for â€Å"Thanksgiving† between the Pilgrims and local individuals through sharing and saying thanks to God (Baym, 2008, p. 71). In any case, the difference was very extraordinary in the â€Å"Contact and Conflict section† contrasted with Bradford and Columbus. Additionally, numerous Native Americans imparted and framed companionships with unmistakable pioneers in the military. Military pioneers, for example, Sir Jeffery Amherst and Henry Gladwin didn't respect a similar partnership the Natives had with the French as a result of their own scorn (Baym, 2008, p. 207). Notwithstanding, this translation of the â€Å"Native American Contact and Conflict† (baym, 2008, p. 206) differs from Columbus first contact and Bradford’s fellowship with the locals. Notwithstanding the contention with a portion of the high authorities among the British military, the locals kept on staying neighborly and impartial. However, the locals started complying with the methods of the Europeans by perusing and composing through Samson Aukom. Thus, he accepted this would assist his with peopling to convey successfully and have a closer relationship with God (Baym, 2008, p. 210). In any case, Pontiac envisioned his kin had left their old ways and their French brothering for the better approach for the British individuals. In Conclusion, the misleading and trickery against the locals were not among all Europeans. A chosen few didn't need the Native American individuals to live on the land the British needed for the crown. Indeed, even the mutinous Spaniards had a go at constraining locals to submit, as slaves didn't hold well with Columbus. Furthermore, Bradford’s account uncover commonly the local individuals could have been assaulted, however later they were straightforwardly grasped to shape durable kinships. In view of Nina baym’s record of the locals, not every single local individuals were abused, however different Spaniards mistreated a portion of the individuals. It was a period of interest and new region for the two sides, in spite of the fact that they endeavored to keep up their bond. Regardless, the connection between the Native Americans has been amended, albeit numerous kicked the bucket during a period of investigating and making new establishments on the two sides.

Hits from the 90s

Hits from the ‘90s I, like most college students, have a Facebook account. Actually, for that matter, I have an account for just about everything, but by no means use all of them. Theyre just good to have in case of an emergency. Thats right, I have a Twitter account, but I DONT USE IT, SO STOP FOLLOWING ME! Honestly, Im amazed, I have tweeted exactly 10 times in over a year and I have 30 followers. Im not that interesting, honestly, and I dont use twitter. Facebook, I do use, as many of you have discovered. I get about 2-3 friend requests per week from prefrosh. To this date, I have accepted absolutely zero of them. Shock, I know, one of the faces of the MIT Admissions office turning away potential applicants, shutting the door in their face and potentially prompting them to not apply to MIT. The truth of the matter is, if I havent met you, Im not your friend. I dont want you seeing all of my friends, I dont want you being able to see lots of pictures of me, I dont want you knowing where I live, what my phone number is, where Ive worked, what my relationship status, and other little details of my life. Ill tell you things I want you to know in my blog, but other than that, Im sorry I wont be able to accept your friend requests. If you attend MIT, I meet you, and we are friends, we can be friends on Facebook, but otherwise, unless Ive met you and we are friends, we will not be Facebook friends. I consider Facebook friends real friends, not just a list of the people I know. Sorry for being blunt, I dont really see the need to sugar-coat any of this. If this is your first time to the blogs, Im sorry, I hope this doesnt create a negative first impression, Im just trying to protect my privacy. People can be pretty straightforward when it comes to privacy. But, since many of you will never be my friend on Facebook, and theres obviously some desire to be so, based on the constant friend requests, I will share my Facebook profile with you as it stands today. It will be a snapshot of me that you can see. Pick apart my life the best you can from this, itll probably be the last time you see it (unless you get accepted to MIT and we become friends). Left Sidebar Main Profile

Effective Teaching - 1164 Words

Professor Kerry Jones EN 106 September 11, 2013 Effective Teaching Education is something that constantly has to change with the changing world. Change is an evolutionary process. â€Å"We cannot continue to educate our children for factory work but educate for creativity.† (Hetland 66) With this change comes new forms of learning. Students today are technophiles. They love their video games and they can’t put down their smart phones, iPods, and social networks. The challenge for working in the electronic age is that we have so much access to information but we still have the same brain we always had. The problem is not access to information. It is integrating that information and making sense out of it. Students must learn to use†¦show more content†¦To help students gain confidence in higher-order thinking with complex text, effective teachers gradually increase task complexity, moving from lower-level to higher-level task. Many students believe that reading informational text is a waste of time because they can just search the web for what they need at that time. Effective teachers get their students to believe the text is important to get the students to read it. For teachers to increase the perceived value of reading is to help students understand how reading the text benefits them across a range of situations. Effective teachers give students opportunities to apply the informational text they read to concrete classroom task. Effective teachers set up frequent opportunities for collaboration to support students’ social motivation for reading informational text. Social interaction around text has to be well managed to ensure that students listen to one another. The students get to use creativity making new things and makes old things new. Students build on one another’s thoughts to explain the major theme of the text by successively adding key elements as they take turns contributing to the synthesis. This helps students become more skillful in interpreting complex text. Today all students need to feel in control of their world. Teachers who give students choices in their informational reading helps them develop an interest in reading. Making simple choices is a rewarding form ofShow MoreRelatedReflection On Effective Teaching1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this analysis, my objective is to reflect on effective teaching and learning strategies and methods, using my personal experience in the classroom, as well as wider reading/research and university lectures, including my contextual analysis on my placement school (see appendix one). However, since there are so many dynamics to effective teaching and learning, one cannot put a finger on a single aspect and use that as a solution. With this in mind, I have chosen to look at two fociRead MoreThe Essential Characteristics of Effective Teaching2914 Words   |  12 PagesThe essential characteristics of effective teaching There is no doubt that teachers play a critical part in a student’s school experience and learning. Teachers, who have the ability to motivate, encourage and understand their students and their individual circumstances can provide a positive school experience, and can contribute to student’s success in later life. Student’s present teachers with a wide range of knowledge and skills, this provides a significant challenge to teachers as they needRead MoreIs Athletic Training Effective Teaching? Essay1983 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the School of HMSLS reappointment, tenure, and promotion policies for teaching effectiveness for assistant professors, it is my responsibility to demonstrate effective teaching and to show steady improvements in my teaching effectiveness. Teaching Philosophy My teaching philosophy focuses on offering students accurate, comprehensive, and intellectually challenging course learning environments by presenting the theories behind topics as well as research supporting or refuting contemporaryRead MoreMy Teaching : Teaching, And More Effective Collaboration With My Peers764 Words   |  4 PagesI have frequently been called on to change. Once again new ideas are presented on being an effective teacher and I will discuss how my teaching will change as a result of this course. There are five areas of interest that I found will elevate my teaching skills. I will briefly describe them as structure, groupings, instructional strategies, the concept of linking assessment with teaching, and more effective collaboration with my peers. The concept of differentiated learning is appealing to me andRead MoreHow Students Learn And Effective Classroom Teaching Strategies900 Words   |  4 PagesSC2 Demonstrate an understanding of how students learn and effective classroom teaching strategies and the capacity to work with colleagues to continually improve teaching and learning. At Mill Park Secondary College (Senior Campus), I have the opportunity to work with a group of Year 10 students on their financial mathematics. The class is made up of 14 boys and 11 girls. And here is a glimpse of their background. This is a low SES co-ed school with an ICSEA value of 984 (My School, 2015a), whichRead MoreHow Teachers And Students Communicate And Teaching More Effective Through My Field Work Observation Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted to realize my value and build my own voices through these talking with my classmates and teachers. I believe by including effective communication in and outside class can be beneficial for both teachers and students. Therefore, I would like to explore more about how teachers and students handle communication in and outside class to make learning and teaching more effective through my field work observation. For the first and second fieldwork at a community elementary school, I observed the classroomRead MoreUsing Visual Thinking for Effective Teaching and Learning Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesfocused on using visual thinking at the English language lessons for more effective teaching and learning. One of the priorities of Kazakhstan is the trilingual language policy of the State. The president of our country, Nursulatan Nazarbaev, has called citizens of Kazakhstan to learn three languages: Kazakh, Russian and English. He said: â€Å"Knowledge of three languages should become a standard practice for us. We are teaching these languages to our children starting from their first year at schoolRead MoreEffective Teaching And Evaluation Of Teaching1033 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Teaching and Evaluation Effective teaching requires a number of efforts combined together to reach a student. The success of the student’s learning must be evaluated and graded. â€Å"Teaching involves two potentially conflicting perspectives related to academic freedom. Teachers exercise individual academic freedom and responsibility to develop and deliver course on the basis of their professional expertise, but also teach in the context of a curriculum offered by the academicRead MoreEffective Teaching As An Effective Teacher1429 Words   |  6 PagesEffective teaching can be defined and understood in many ways. This profession has meaning and purpose and â€Å"can have an enriching effect on the daily lives of children and their lifelong educational and career aspirations (The Power of an Effective Teacher and Why We Should Assess It, 2011).† Personal qualities, teaching strategies, and classroom management, are all aspects vital to the means of being an effective teacher. Through developing fundamental key strategies like, being well prepared andRead MoreTeaching And Teaching : Effective Pedagogy1756 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscuss what I have learnt so far about effective pedagogy in science, the term pedagogy needs to be defined and the associated processes understood. The Oxford English Dictionary defines pedagogy as â€Å"The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept† (Oxford dictionary of English, 2010). I interpret this to mean that effective pedagogy is the teaching of an academic subject carried out in a way that is effective for the individual learner to understand

Views of Women in The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant AP by...

Views of Women in The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant AP by John Updike The Necklace by Guy De Maupassant, and AP by John Updike were written in two different centuries by two authors of very different backgrounds. However, each story expresses very similar views about women. The women in these stories are self-centered creatures who control men with their sexuality, and end up damaging the mens life. The main character in The Necklace is a lady named Mathilde who is extremely pretty. She is not a very wealthy person, and is married to a clerk. Mathilde is very unhappy with her life, and wishes she could have more luxuries. The author says : She dressed plainly because she could not dress well, but she was as unhappy as†¦show more content†¦Mathilde has a wonderful time at the ball: She danced with intoxication, with passion, made drunk by pleasures, forgetting all, in the triumph of her beauty. In the glory of her success, in a sort of cloud happiness composed of all this homage, of all this admiration, of all these awakened desires, and of that sense of complete victory which is so sweet to a womans heart. (Guy De Maupassant 163) Her husband sleeps for four hours waiting for her to be ready to stop socializing. She is so ashamed of her coat that she rushes outside even though her husband wants to call a cab for her. She is very upset when the night is over, especially when she finds out that the borrowed necklace is missing. Mathilde has no inner strength. Her poor husband goes out in the middle of the night to look for the necklace, but she is worthless: She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress without strength to got to bed, overwhelmed, without fire, without a thought. (Guy De Maupassant 164) Ironically, when Mathilde and her husband replace the lost necklace, and must pay back the debt for ten years, Mathilde changes. She becomes brave and hard working, and the author says: What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace? Who knows? How life is strange and changeful! How little a thing is needed for us to be lost or to be saved. (Guy De Maupassant 166) John Updikes story, AP was written almost 80 years after Guy De Maupassants The

Blood Promise Chapter Five Free Essays

The rest of the trip passed uneventfully. Sydney never entirely lost that discomfort she seemed to have around me, but sometimes, while I was trying to figure out Russian television, she’d take the time to explain what was going on. There were some cultural differences between these shows and the ones we’d both grown up with, so we had that in common. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Promise Chapter Five or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every once in a while, she’d crack a smile over something we both found funny, and I’d sense there was someone in there I could possibly be friends with. I knew there was no way I’d ever find a replacement for Lissa, but I think some part of me still longed to fill the void of friendship that had been opened up when I left her behind. Sydney napped throughout the day, and I began to think she was just an insomniac with bizarre sleep patterns. She also continued her equally odd treatment of food, hardly touching her meals. She always let me have the leftovers and was a bit more adventurous with Russian cuisine. I’d had to experiment when I first arrived, and it was nice to have the guidance of someone who, though not a local, knew a lot more about this country than me. On the third day of our trip, we arrived in Omsk. Omsk was a larger and prettier city than I’d expected of Siberia. Dimitri had always teased me that my images of Siberia looking like Antarctica were wrong, and I could tell that he was right-at least as far as the southern part of the region was concerned. The weather wasn’t much different from what I’d have found in Montana this time of year, cool spring air occasionally warmed by sunshine. Sydney had told me when we got there, she’d get us a ride from some Moroi she knew. Several lived in the city, blending in with the large population. Yet as the day went on, we discovered a problem. No Moroi would take us to the village. Apparently, the road was dangerous. Strigoi often hung out near it at night, hoping to catch traveling Moroi or dhampirs. The more Sydney explained it, the more worried I became about my plan. Apparently, there weren’t many Strigoi in Dimitri’s town itself. According to her, they lurked on the town’s periphery, but few lived out there permanently. If that was the case, my odds of finding Dimitri had dropped. Things got even worse as Sydney continued describing the situation. â€Å"A lot of Strigoi travel the country looking for victims, and the village is just an area they pass through,† she explained. â€Å"The road is kind of remote, so some Strigoi will stay for a while and try to get easy prey. Then they move on.† â€Å"In the U.S., Strigoi often hide in large cities,† I said uneasily. â€Å"They do that here too. It’s easier for them to take victims without being noticed.† Yes, this definitely threw a wrench into my plans. If Dimitri wasn’t residing in this town, I was going to have some serious problems. I’d known Strigoi liked big cities, but somehow, I’d convinced myself Dimitri would return to the place where he grew up. But if Dimitri wasn’t there†¦ well, suddenly, the enormity of Siberia hit me. I’d learned Omsk wasn’t even the biggest city in the region, and finding even one Strigoi here could be hard. Looking for him in any number of cities that might be larger? Things could get very, very ugly if my hunch proved wrong. Since setting out to find Dimitri, I’d occasionally had weak moments in which I half-hoped I’d never find him. The idea of him as a Strigoi still tormented me. I was also visited by other images†¦ images of the way he’d been and memories of the time we’d spent together. I think my most precious memory was of just before he was turned. It was one of those times when I’d sucked up a lot of the spirit-induced darkness from Lissa. I’d been out of control, unable to get a grip. I was afraid of becoming a monster, afraid of killing myself like another shadow kissed guardian had. Dimitri had brought me back to myself, lending me his strength. I’d realized then just how strong our connection was, how perfectly we understood each other. I’d been skeptical about people being soul mates in the past, but at that moment, I knew it was true. And with that emotional connection had come a physical one. Dimitri and I had finally given in to the attraction. We’d sworn we never would, but†¦ well, our feelings were just too strong. Staying away from each other had turned out to be impossible. We’d had sex, and it had been my first time ever. Sometimes I felt certain it would be my only time. The act itself had been amazing, and I’d been unable to separate the physical joy from the emotional. Afterward, we’d lain together in that small cabin for as long as we dared, and that had been amazing too. It had been one of the few moments where I’d felt he was truly mine. â€Å"Do you remember Victor’s lust charm?† I had asked, snuggling closer against him. Dimitri looked at me like I was crazy. â€Å"Of course.† Victor Dashkov was a royal Moroi, one who had been friends with Lissa and her family. Little did we know that he’d secretly studied spirit for years and had identified Lissa as a spirit user before she even knew. He’d tortured her with all sorts of mind games that truly made her think she was going crazy. His schemes had fully culminated in his kidnapping and torturing her until she healed the disease that was killing him. Victor was now in prison for life, both for what he’d done to Lissa and because of his treasonous plans for rebellion against the Moroi government. He had been one of the few to know about my relationship with Dimitri, something that had worried me to no end. He’d even furthered our relationship by creating a lust charm-a necklace infused with earth and compulsion. The charm was full of dangerous magic that had made Dimitri and me give into our most basic instincts. We had pulled back at the last moment, and until our night in the cabin, I had believed our charm induced encounter to be the ultimate physical high. â€Å"I didn’t realize it could get better,† I had told Dimitri after we’d actually slept together. I felt a little shy talking about it. â€Å"I thought about it all the time†¦ what happened between us.† He turned to me, tugging the covers up. The cabin was cold, but its bed had warm blankets. I suppose we could have put clothes on, but that was the last thing I wanted to do. Being pressed skin-to-skin felt too good. â€Å"I did too.† â€Å"You did?† I asked, surprised. â€Å"I thought†¦ I don’t know. I thought you were too disciplined for that. I thought you’d try to forget it.† Dimitri laughed and kissed my neck. â€Å"Rose, how could I forget being naked with someone as beautiful as you? I stayed awake so many nights, replaying every detail. I told myself over and over that it was wrong, but you’re impossible to forget.† His lips moved to my collarbone, and his hand stroked my hip. â€Å"You’re burned into my mind forever. There is nothing, nothing in this world that will ever change that.† And it was memories like that that made it so hard to comprehend this quest to kill him, even if he was a Strigoi. Yet†¦ at the same time, it was exactly because of memories like that that I had to destroy him. I needed to remember him as the man who’d loved me and held me in bed. I needed to remember that that man would not want to stay a monster. I wasn’t very excited when Sydney showed me the car she’d bought, particularly since I’d given her the money for it. â€Å"We’re going in that?† I exclaimed. â€Å"Can it even make it that far?† The trip was apparently seven hours. She gave me a shocked look. â€Å"Are you serious? Do you know what this is? It’s a 1972 Citroen. These things are amazing. Do you have any idea how hard it would have been to get this into the country back in the Soviet days? I can’t believe that guy actually sold it. He’s clueless.† I knew little about the Soviet era and even less about classic cars, but Sydney stroked the shiny red hood like she was in love. Who would have guessed? She was a car geek. Maybe it was valuable, and I just couldn’t appreciate it. I was more into sleek, brand-new sports cars. To be fair, this car didn’t have any dents or rust, and aside from an outdated look, it appeared clean and well cared for. â€Å"Will it run?† I asked. If possible, her expression grew even more incredulous. â€Å"Of course!† And it did. The engine sprang to life with a steady hum, and with the way it accelerated, I started to understand her fascination. She wanted to drive, and I was about to argue that it had been my money that bought it. Seeing the adoring look on her face, though, I finally decided not to come between her and the car. I was just glad we were leaving right away. It was already late afternoon. If the road was as dangerous as everyone claimed, we wouldn’t want to be out there while it was dark. Sydney agreed but said we could get most of the trip in before sundown and then stay overnight at a place she knew. We’d arrive at our destination in the morning. The farther we drove from Omsk, the more remote the terrain became. As I studied it, I began to understand Dimitri’s love of this land. It had a scrubby, barren look, true, but spring was turning the plains green, and there was something hauntingly beautiful about seeing all this untouched wilderness. It reminded me of Montana in some ways yet had a certain quality that was all its own. I couldn’t help but use Sydney’s crush on the car as a means of conversation. â€Å"Do you know a lot about cars?† I asked. â€Å"Some,† she said. â€Å"My dad’s the Alchemist in our family, but my mom’s a mechanic.† â€Å"Really?† I asked, surprised. â€Å"That’s kind of†¦ unusual.† Of course, I was hardly one to talk about gender roles. Considering my life was dedicated to fighting and killing, I couldn’t really claim to have a traditionally feminine job either. â€Å"She’s really good and taught me a lot. I wouldn’t have minded doing that for a living. Wouldn’t have minded going to college, either.† There was a bitter note in her voice. â€Å"I guess there are a lot of other things I wish I could do.† â€Å"Why can’t you?† â€Å"I had to be the next family Alchemist. My sister†¦ well, she’s older, and usually it’s the oldest kid who has to do the job. But, she’s kind of†¦ worthless.† â€Å"That’s harsh.† â€Å"Yeah, maybe. But she just couldn’t handle this kind of thing. When it comes to organizing her lip gloss collection, she’s unstoppable. But managing the kinds of networks and people we do? No, she’d never be able to do it. Dad said I was the only one capable of it.† â€Å"That’s a compliment, at least.† â€Å"I guess.† Sydney looked so sad now that I felt bad for bringing it up. â€Å"If you could go to college, what would you study?† â€Å"Greek and Roman architecture.† I decided then it was a good thing I wasn’t behind the wheel, because I probably would have driven off the road. â€Å"Seriously?† â€Å"You know anything about it?† â€Å"Um, no.† â€Å"It’s amazing.† The sad expression was replaced by one of wonder-she looked nearly as enamored as she’d been of the car. I understood then why she’d liked the train station. â€Å"The ingenuity it took for some of that†¦ well, it’s just unreal. If the Alchemists won’t send me back to the U.S. after this, I’m hoping I’ll get assigned to Greece or Italy.† â€Å"That would be cool.† â€Å"Yeah.† Her smile faded. â€Å"But there are no guarantees you’ll get what you want with this job.† She fell silent after that, and I decided that coaxing her into this small conversation had been victory enough. I left her to her own thoughts of classic cars and architecture while my mind wandered to topics of my own. Strigoi. Duty. Dimitri. Always Dimitri†¦ Well, Dimitri and Lissa. It was always a toss-up over who would cause me more pain. Today, as the car lulled me into a daze, it was Lissa I went to, thanks largely to Adrian’s recent visit in my dream. Early evening in Russia meant early morning in Montana. Of course, since the school ran on a nocturnal schedule, it was technically night for them too in spite of the sunshine. It was nearly curfew, and everyone would have to return to their own dorms soon. Lissa was with Adrian, over in his room in guest housing. Adrian, like Avery, had graduated, but as the only other known spirit user, he’d come to stay indefinitely at the school and work with Lissa. They’d just spent a long, exhausting evening working on dream walking and sat on the floor facing each other. With a sigh, Lissa collapsed back and lay down, stretching her arms over her head. â€Å"This is useless,† she groaned. â€Å"I’m never going to learn it.† â€Å"Never took you for a quitter, cousin.† Adrian’s voice was as flippant as usual, but I could tell he was weary too. They weren’t really cousins; that was just a term royals sometimes used with each other. â€Å"I just don’t understand how you do it.† â€Å"I don’t know how to explain it. I just think about it, and†¦ well, it happens.† He shrugged and pulled out the cigarettes he always carried. â€Å"Do you mind?† â€Å"Yes,† she said. To my surprise, he put them away. What the hell? He’d never asked me if I minded if he smoked-which I did. In fact, half the time, I swore he did it to annoy me, which made no sense. Adrian was way past the age when guys tried to attract girls they liked by picking on them. He tried to explain the process. â€Å"I just think about who I want and sort of†¦ I don’t know. Expand my mind toward them.† Lissa sat up and crossed her legs. â€Å"Sounds a lot like how Rose described reading me.† â€Å"Probably the same principle. Look, it took you a while to learn auras. This is no different. And you’re not the only one with a learning curve. I’m only now finally moving past healing scratches, and you can bring back the dead, which-call me crazy-is kind of hard-core.† He paused. â€Å"Of course, some would argue that I am actually crazy.† At the mention of auras, she studied him and summoned the ability to see the field of light that shone around every living thing. His aura came into focus, surrounding him in a golden glow. According to Adrian, her aura was the same. No other Moroi had that kind of pure gold. Lissa and Adrian figured it was unique to spirit users. He smiled, guessing what she was doing. â€Å"How’s it look?† â€Å"The same.† â€Å"See how good you are at it now? Just be patient with the dreams.† Lissa wanted so badly to walk dreams the same way he could. Despite her disappointment, I was glad she couldn’t. Adrian’s dream visits were hard enough on me. Seeing her would†¦ well, I wasn’t entirely sure, but it would make this cool, hard attitude I was trying to maintain in Russia a lot harder. â€Å"I just want to know how she is,† said Lissa in a small voice. â€Å"I can’t stand not knowing.† It was the conversation with Christian all over again. â€Å"I saw her the other day. She’s fine. And I’ll go again soon.† Lissa nodded. â€Å"Do you think she’ll do it? Do you think she can kill Dimitri?† Adrian took a long time in answering. â€Å"I think she can. The question will be if it kills her in the process.† Lissa flinched, and I was a bit surprised. The answer was as blunt as one Christian might give. â€Å"God, I wish she hadn’t decided to go after him.† â€Å"Wishing’s useless now. Rose has got to do this. It’s the only way we can get her back.† He paused. â€Å"It’s the only way she’ll be able to move on.† Adrian surprised me sometimes, but this took the prize. Lissa thought it was foolish and suicidal to go after Dimitri. I knew Sydney would agree if I told her the truth about this trip. But Adrian†¦ silly, shallow, party-boy Adrian understood? Studying him through Lissa’s eyes, I realized he actually did. He didn’t like it, and I could hear the hurt in his words. He cared about me. My having such strong feelings for someone else caused him pain. And yet†¦ he truly believed that I was doing the right thing-the only thing I could do. Lissa looked at the clock. â€Å"I’ve got to go before curfew. I should probably study for my history test, too.† Adrian grinned. â€Å"Studying’s overrated. Just find someone smart to copy off.† She stood up. â€Å"Are you saying I’m not smart?† â€Å"Hell no.† He rose also and went to pour himself a drink from the fully stocked bar he kept on hand. Self-medicating was his irresponsible way of keeping spirit’s effects at bay, and if he’d been using spirit all night, he would want the numbness of his vices. â€Å"You’re the smartest person I know. But that doesn’t mean you have to do unnecessary work.† â€Å"You can’t succeed in life if you don’t work. Copying from others won’t get you anywhere.† â€Å"Whatever,† he said with a grin. â€Å"I copied all through school, and look how well I’m doing today.† With an eye roll, Lissa gave him a quick hug goodbye and left. Once out of his sight, her smile faded a bit. In fact, her thoughts took a decidedly dark turn. Mentioning me had stirred up all sorts of feelings within. She was worried about me-desperately worried. She’d told Christian that she felt bad about what had happened between us, but the full force of that didn’t hit me until now. She was racked by guilt and confusion, continually berating herself for what she should have done. And above all, she missed me. She had that same feeling I did-like a part of her had been cut out. Adrian lived on the fourth floor, and Lissa opted for the stairs rather than the elevator. All the while, her mind spun with worry. Worries about whether she’d ever master spirit. Worry for me. Worry that she wasn’t currently feeling spirit’s dark side effects, which made her wonder if I was absorbing them, just as a guardian named Anna had. She’d lived centuries ago and was bonded to St. Vladimir, the school’s namesake. She’d absorbed spirit’s nasty effects from him-and had been driven insane. On the second floor, Lissa could make out the sounds of shouting, even through the door that separated the stairwell from the hallway. Despite knowing it had nothing to do with her, she hesitated, curiosity getting the best of her. A moment later, she quietly pushed the door open and stepped into the hall. The voices were coming from around the corner. She carefully peered around it-not that she needed to. She recognized the voices. Avery Lazar stood in the hallway, hands on her hips as she stared at her father. He stood in the doorway to what must have been his suite. Their stances were rigid and hostile, and anger crackled between them. â€Å"I’ll do what I want,† she yelled. â€Å"I’m not your slave.† â€Å"You’re my daughter,† he said in a voice both calm and condescending. â€Å"Though at times I wish you weren’t.† Ouch. Both Lissa and I were shocked. â€Å"Then why are you making me stay in this hellhole? Let me go back to Court!† â€Å"And embarrass me further? We barely got out without damaging this family’s reputation-much. No way am I going to send you there alone and let you do God knows what.† â€Å"Then send me to Mom! Switzerland’s got to be better than this place.† There was a pause. â€Å"Your mother is†¦ busy.† â€Å"Oh, nice,† said Avery, voice heavy with sarcasm. â€Å"That’s a polite way of saying she doesn’t want me. No surprise. I’d just interfere with her and that guy she’s sleeping with.† â€Å"Avery!† His voice rang out loud and angry. Lissa flinched and stepped back. â€Å"This conversation is done. Get back to your room and sober up before someone sees you. I expect you at breakfast tomorrow, and I expect you to be respectable. We have some important visitors.† â€Å"Yeah, and God knows we’ve got to keep up appearances.† â€Å"Go to your room,† he repeated. â€Å"Before I call Simon and make him drag you there.† â€Å"Yes, sir,† she simpered. â€Å"Right away, sir. Anything you say, sir.† And with that, he slammed the door. Lissa, ducking back behind the corner, could hardly believe he’d said those things to his own daughter. For a few moments, there was silence. Then, Lissa heard the sound of footsteps-coming toward her. Avery suddenly rounded the corner and stopped in front of Lissa, giving us our first good look of her. Avery was wearing a tight, short dress made of some kind of blue fabric that shone silvery in the light. Her hair hung long and wild, and the tears pouring from her blue-gray eyes had destroyed the heavy makeup she wore. The scent of alcohol came through loud and clear. She hastily ran a hand over her eyes, obviously embarrassed at being seen like this. â€Å"Well,† she said flatly. â€Å"I guess you overheard our family drama.† Lissa felt equally embarrassed at being caught spying. â€Å"I-I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to. I was just passing by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Avery gave a harsh laugh. â€Å"Well, I don’t think it matters. Probably everyone in the building heard us.† â€Å"I’m sorry,† Lissa repeated. â€Å"Don’t be. You didn’t do anything wrong.† â€Å"No†¦ I mean, I’m sorry he†¦ you know, said those things to you.† â€Å"It’s part of being a ? ®good’ family. Everyone’s got skeletons in their closet.† Avery crossed her arms and leaned against the wall. Even upset and messy, she was beautiful. â€Å"God, I hate him sometimes. No offense, but this place is so fucking boring. I found some sophomore guys to hang with tonight, but†¦ they were pretty boring too. The only thing they had going for them was their beer.† â€Å"Why†¦ why did your dad bring you here?† Lissa asked. â€Å"Why aren’t you†¦ I don’t know, in college?† Avery gave a harsh laugh. â€Å"He doesn’t trust me enough. When we were at Court, I got involved with this cute guy who worked there-total nonroyal, of course. Dad freaked out and was afraid people would find out. So when he got the job here, he brought me along to keep an eye on me and torture me. I think he’s afraid I’ll run off with a human if I go to college.† She sighed. â€Å"I swear to God, if Reed wasn’t here, I’d just run away, period.† Lissa didn’t say anything for a long time. She’d gone out of her way to avoid Avery diligently. With all the orders the queen was giving Lissa lately, this seemed the only way Lissa could fight back and stop herself from being controlled. But now, she wondered if she’d been wrong about Avery. Avery didn’t seem like a spy for Tatiana. She didn’t seem like someone who wanted to mold Lissa into a perfect royal. Mostly, Avery seemed like a sad, hurting girl, whose life was spinning out of control. Someone who was being ordered around as much as Lissa was lately. With a deep breath, Lissa rushed forward with her next words. â€Å"Do you want to eat lunch with Christian and me tomorrow? No one would mind if you came to our lunch period. I can’t promise it’ll be, um, as exciting as you want.† Avery smiled again, but this time, it was less bitter. â€Å"Well, my other plans were to get drunk by myself in my room.† She lifted a bottle of what looked like whiskey out of her purse. â€Å"Scored some stuff of my own.† Lissa wasn’t entirely sure what kind of an answer that was. â€Å"So†¦ I’ll see you at lunch?† Now Avery hesitated. But slowly, a faint gleam of hope and interest appeared on her face. Concentrating, Lissa tried to bring up her aura. She had a little difficulty at first, probably worn out from all the practice with Adrian tonight. But when she was finally able to get a grip on Avery’s aura, she saw it was a mix of colors: green, blue, and gold. Not uncommon. It was currently ringed in red, as often happened when people were upset. But right before Lissa’s eyes, that redness faded. â€Å"Yeah,† Avery said at last. â€Å"That would be great.† â€Å"I think this is as far as we can go today.† On the other side of the world, Sydney’s voice startled me out of Lissa’s thoughts. I didn’t know how long I’d been daydreaming, but Sydney had turned off the main highway and was driving us into a small town that fit perfectly with my backwoods images of Siberia. In fact, â€Å"town† was a total exaggeration. There were a few scattered houses, a store, and a gas station. Farmland stretched beyond the buildings, and I saw more horses than cars. The few people who were out stared at our car in amazement. The sky had turned deep orange, and the sun was sinking farther and farther into the horizon. Sydney was right. It was nearly nightfall, and we needed to be off the road. â€Å"We’re only a couple hours away at most,† she continued. â€Å"We made really good time and should get there pretty quickly in the morning.† She drove to the other side of the village-which took, like, a minute-and pulled up in front of a plain white house with a barn beside it. â€Å"Here’s where we’re staying.† We got out of the car and approached the house. â€Å"Are these friends of yours?† â€Å"Nope. Never met them. But they’re expecting us.† More mysterious Alchemist connections. The door was answered by a friendly looking human in her twenties who urged us to come inside. She only spoke a few words of English, but Sydney’s translation skills carried us through. Sydney was more outgoing and charming than I’d seen her thus far, probably because our hosts weren’t despicable vampiric offspring. You wouldn’t think riding in a car all day would be tiring, but I felt exhausted and was anxious to get an early start in the morning. So after dinner and a little TV, Sydney and I went to the room that had been prepared for us. It was small and plain but had two twin beds covered in thick, fluffy blankets. I snuggled into mine, grateful for the softness and the warmth, and wondered if I’d dream of Lissa or Adrian. I didn’t. I did, however, wake up to a slight wave of nausea rolling through me-the nausea that told me there was a Strigoi nearby. How to cite Blood Promise Chapter Five, Essay examples

Andrew Jackson as President free essay sample

Jackson was the 7th president of the United States. From South Carolina, he was a bold man, fighting in the U. S Revolutionary War at age 12. His ambition later led him to politics, where he eventually became the president of the United States. As president, Jackson did many controversial things, but was admired by many of the common citizens of the country. While his morals are questionable, overall Jackson was an effective president, and benefited the country with his ideas of the Union and his expansion of democracy. One reason Jackson was an effective president is because he had the support of the people. When Andrew Jackson lost the election in 1824 he was furious. Jackson had won the popular vote, but Congress had decided John Quincy Adams would be president. After this election Jackson went on the first campaign in the history of the presidency. He travelled around the states and appealed to the common man. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Jackson as President or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jackson quickly became very popular. He was so popular that when he was elected, a riot broke out at his inauguration. The way that Jackson appealed to the common man was that he expanded the idea of democracy. Previously, the rich, white and educated were the only people voting in the United States. Power was held by a select few. Jackson expanded this system, calling on every white citizen to vote, from the rich and educated to poor farmers. Jacksonian democracy took power away from a select few and distributed it to the whole white population. It is a step towards the countries modern system, where the ability to vote is given to every citizen. While a supporter of states rights, Jackson is known for his loyalty to the union. He did not support the idea of states rights to nullification, even while he was a slave owner and would benefit from the law. At a dinner party, Jackson announced his views on the union, surprising everyone present by toasting it and stating that it must be preserved. When South Carolina announced it was prepared to break away from the union, Jackson wrote to its people and calmed them, averting war. Much of what Jackson wrote on the union was used thirty years later by Abraham Lincoln during the civil war. His opinion about the union helped keep the country together, even after he was out of office. While Andrew Jackson had questionable morals at times, his contribution to the country through his expansion of democracy and his opinion on the union makes him an effective president. The rich white members of congress thought he was unfit for the job, but he had the support of the people. Because had to make a name for himself instead of being born into a political family, he understood and grew popular with the common people. He also must be credited with protecting the union, as his words helped bring peace to the nation in two important situations. Andrew Jackson was the first president of his kind. He made radical decisions in the way the country was run during his terms in office. While many of these contribute poorly to his reputation, he helped the United States grow as a nation.

Anti-Drug Campaign Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example Essay Example

Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example Paper Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Introduction Socially- hailed â€Å"Delinquent† Adolescent Teenagers and Young Adults, not over twenty-one, regardless of sex, gender, race, and social status, who have been holding issues and personal battles specifically with regard to any drug activity—in every sense imaginable (e.g. selling for profit , purchasing mainly for recreation and habitual use). Where are they? A sizeable many from identified areas and districts of Bonham City When is the need evident? Due to alarmingly increasing city drug activity which has slowly become directly and notoriously identifiable with the younger generation, specifically with high school and students, the need is hence deemed not only evident but more importantly, urgent. What? Why? What is the need? Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Body Paragraphs Wanting, and almost inexistent edifying youth programs, forms of substantial-rather-than-substance recreational youth activity, and even appealingly self-sustaining job opportunities for adolescent teenagers and young adults simply to resort to, among and within residential vicinities, which translates to the city’s over-all poor youth plan. The deficient core requirements of necessity, continuity, credibility in developing city youth programs are geared towards helping the youth without fail, averting their interest, fascination, and usage of different drug forms, and focusing on more significant output. This situation must not be considered as a personal preference by the adolescent teen, for it only re-affirms the greater influence and control of drugs in their lives and unto others. A strong and unifying youth campaign would sturdily stand as the unwavering movement for city youth betterment, building a drug-free environment of well-informed and wiser adolescent teens and young adults day one day at a time—from high school out-of-school youths to the young adults. An expansively wide-ranging city cause would advocate the city youth of different areas to opt paths of a more promising tomorrow. The program shall address emphasis and importance of character building and better decision-making, which would be most crucial later in their lives, shall be molded into the youth. Also, the program would instill in them that choosing substance over a substantial life secures a grim future, at best. Moreover, the program would encourage them to garner a diploma for whatever field they wish to pursue and want to succeed in. With this motivational driving point, activities which would solicit their participation would cater to, within reason, incorporating what they want and need. By identifying truthfully to what the various interests the youths are attracted to, attention and concentration can be built and sustained. The campaign will serve as the focal point for a united effort in developing skills, talents, and true interests of the youth that would lead them to better choice and kind of life, from attaining academic degrees to following their dreams and aspirations away from drug related distractions. Why does this occur? All community organizations for the youth development have individually worked as non-commercial and non profit institutions; thus, a feasible sense of continuity of various projects has been difficult to maintain. For this reason, the impact of the project carried out by the organization, regardless of potential and promise, had little to offer and effect. Some educational institutions, such as high schools, colleges, and universities, have overlooked the enrolled youth’s drug accessibility within their jurisdiction. There have been certain complications in garnering city financial aid and assistance from the local government, commercial institutions, and business organizations. Evidence of Problem What evidence do you have to support your claim?  · The rather troubling availability of illegal substances to the youth has been marked and been in fact true at some of the city’s educational bodies. As re-affirmed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008), â€Å"25% of all students in grades 9 through 12 reported someone had offered, sold, or given them an illegal drug on school property† (n.p.).  · There is a risk which, from drug experimentation to regular use by adolescents, has become more apparent due to their accessibility. Also, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2009), â€Å"there was a significant increase in the estimated number of persons age 12 or older needing treatment for an illicit drug problem† (n.p.).  · Even though different educational bodies showed enthusiasm to do so, they found the monitoring of the youth beyond school premises to be rather complex. Some schools, though having a drug p olicy (drug education in form of courses and seminars), have reiterated the indicative need of third party assistance, which shall be provided by this organization under such a campaign. Also, school authority figures have suggested extra-curricular activities outside school which could serve as an alternative option catering to their interests to keep the youth better focused on their future, specifically amongst high school adolescents. Impact If Problem Is Resolved? What are the consequences of meeting the need? Those city youth who have had personal drug difficulties are given a better and stronger chance in ridding any and every form of drug issue out of their system in any and every way, directing them to a future where success in life can very much be a reality. Unifying organizations of similar aim under one single banner and purpose via this campaign delivers a stronger message and action of hope and actuality in the fight against drug use, availability, and issues in betwe en throughout the city. Involvement, city citizen movement, and support can better be solicited from anyone and everyone, both inside and outside of the city, to support a cause of constructing a future most fitting for young adolescents and adults. How is the need linked to your organization?  · The McLain Movement against Drugs Association’s (M.M.D.A) highest concern and main objective is to organize and forefront an anti-drug youth campaign that chooses to aid the troubled city youth comprehensively as a third party mediator between educational institutions, parents, and even fellow concerned youth. The anti-drug campaign will serve wide-ranging programs, projects, and extra-curricular activities that would cater the youth’s interest and be offered to better facilitate their personal issues and head them unto a trail of better opportunity. The campaign would center on activities that would offer options for the youth other than drugs, leisure, youth job opportunit ies, and much in between. Exercise 5. 1A. Developing Your Methods Tasks and Subtasks Task One would state that various youth organizations across local districts shall be contacted and brought together under the impression that the cooperation, idea conceptualization and unity shall be done by all groups involved and deliberated upon in the same by all. Subtask One would be considered as contacting other high schools, colleges, and universities along with other willing local institutions to offer assistance. Task Two would state that the various youth organizations along with educational institutions’ help shall build a one-year program for the youth. In this, identifying the campaign’s clear objectives, mission, vision, and everything in between shall be affirmed. Youth activities and projects to be directed shall be planned as well. Subtask Two would be considered as soliciting idea from the youth themselves in what their interests are for the program to better appea l to its target audience. Task Three would state that the campaign implementation shall be executed across the city district and areas. Subtask Three would be considered as administering and monitoring by the various youth organizations the activities and projects to carried-out thru the areas. Task Four would state the campaign’s local solidification of their presence and significance at their assigned districts. Subtask Four would be considered as continuing to improve the offered youth activities and project per local district. Task Five would state an assessment period of the campaign since its inception. Subtask Five would be regarded as further thorough assessment and thus renewal and setting of the next set of itineraries for the following year when process has been deemed successful. Person(s) Responsible For Task and Subtask One, McLain Movement against Drugs Association (M.M.D.A) Association head John McLain, together with the members, shall do the initial organizat ion of the would-be participating city youth organizations. For Task and Subtask Two thru Task Five, the individual heads of each of the participating organization shall coordinate with each other and the M.M.D.A. Resources Needed The most apparent need is financial assistance and aid for planned itinerary and to be carried-out activities and projects by the campaign for research information, financial allowances to the participating workers (both for the organization volunteers and the youth themselves), and most importantly, the scheduled and planned activities of which are in-store for the youth. Start and Finish Dates Task and Subtask One and Two shall be managed through the first four months of the campaign initialization. This would secure commitment and assurance from involvement of would be participating youth organizations. Task and Subtask Three would be managed at the fifth month from the campaign’s initialization. Task Four would be managed at the seventh month fr om the campaign’s initialization. Lastly, Task Five is an enduring process which identifies the areas of improvement for the on-going campaign. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay Example

Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay Example Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay My Idol Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Joseph Zilar Everest University ENC 1101-80 Composition I Professor: Pirooz Kalayeh It was in 1984 when introduced to my idol, Mark Miller and Sawyer Brown, the country rock band. I was clicking through the channels and found a show called Star Search. It was the first reality performing arts competition that I had the pleasure to see, other than The Gong Show. I love to sing, so I could relate to the venue at hand. Ed McMahan was the show host, and most may remember him from The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson.I started watching Star Search, and began to root for the country rock band Sawyer Brown each week. Sawyer Brown ended up being the top winner. Here it is almost thirty years later, and Mark Miller and Sawyer Brown are still going strong, and winning over audiences everywhere they go. (Thesis) I picked Mark Miller as my Idol because of; his leadership, his Christian values, sharing personal commonalities, and his love of music. Much of Mark’s music, thanks to his leadership, reflects his deep Christian origins (Evans, and Ross, 2013).Sawyer Brown’s founder and front man of the band, Mark Miller doesn’t sing about cheating. He sings about the common man and having good old fashion fun. When Sawyer Brown was announced the winner of Star Search, the leader Mark Miller thanked God for the opportunity to show their mu sic on TV. I remember them singing a song on Star Search. It was the song Step that Step, and that song was their very first hit. I thought to myself back then that Sawyer Brown would become a big name band as long as Mark’s leadership kept the band grounded in their beliefs.Mark is a very quiet and soft spoken Christian man, and makes people wonder where all of his energy on stage comes from and how real it is. You have no idea, says Miller, People look at me offstage, and think its an act. But thats how my brother and I were raised. Be good, do right, but when you get to church, you let it go. People talk about my dancing well, where we went to church, thats what people did when the music was pumping. And let me tell you: that music got going (Sawyerbrown. com, 2013). In my Life everything revolves around putting God first, my family second, and then everything lse has to come after that. To this day I’ve never drank a beer. I never have. I was always taught that was wrong (Evans, and Ross, 2013). Mark Miller was raised up in the Pentecostal church, where the music in church flung down with passion and fire, and that on fire sense of musical explosions happen at all of their performances. I share a lot of things in common with Mr. Mark Miller. My singing voice sounds very much like his. I would say that he sounds like me, but he was born before me, so I sound like him.Mark Miller, like me, has such a love for music too. Mark goes on to say, Really, I feel music. I feel it through every ounce in me, and through to my bones. You know something rhythmic comes on (Evans, and Ross, 2013). That is how I feel. Often, someone will speak a phrase, and it will remind me of a song. Then I just start singing that song. Like Mark Miller, I have been writing songs and dancing around since I was 15 years old. Mark has written songs like Step that Step, Drive me Wild, and Some Girls do, just to name a few. I admire Mark very much.Especially for his dedication to follow his passion, and making a living doing what he loves. That’s the one thing I wish I had in common with him. Leader of Sawyer Brown, Mark Miller, and his band have come a long way since 1984 and Star Search. They have most of the original band members, still doing about 80 performances a year, and have their own company, Beach Street Entertainment, which just finished putting out a Christian based movie April 9 of this year (Wyland, 2013). Because of his Christian family values, Mark Miller even finds time to coach his kid’s basketball games.That is why I admire and look up to the singer and song writer, band leader, Christian family man, and entrepreneur Mark Miller.Works cited Evans M. , and Ross S. (2013) Between the Liner Notes, Mark Miller: Who’s the real Sawyer Brown. The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. cbn. com/cbnmusic/interviews/700club_sawyerbrown060806. aspx Sawyerbrown. com (2013) Biography, Sawyer Brown. Retrieved August 03, 2013 from http://sawyerbrown. com/index. htm? d=256 Shelton, P. ( 1995) Sawyer Brown. Contemporary Musicians.. Retrieved August 06, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com: encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-3493100061. html Sweet, J. (2000). Sawyer Brown, Contemporary Musicians. (2000). Retrieved August 03, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com: encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-3494500069. html Wyland, S. (April 8, 2013) Great American Country TV. Retrieved August 03, 2013 from http://blog. gactv. com/blog/2013/04/08/sawyer-browns-mark-miller-releases-first-feature-film/

Business policy & strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business policy & strategy - Case Study Example McDonald should also consider adding healthy options. For instance, they should focus on healthy fruit juices instead of Pepsi and Coca-Cola. Deals in their menus right now offer the standard cold drink along with Fries and burgers. The restaurant should consider offering fresh juices in their deals also. McDonalds should launch a campaign focusing on the steps it has taken to combat environmental claims against the company. An image of caring company should be developed and fostered in such campaigns. Consumers are aware of what McDonalds is offering in terms of product, now the campaign should focus on what the company offers in terms of emotional value. McDonald should open more of its McCafes and expand these cafes internationally. McDonald’s has a strategy of aligning its product with the local tastes and culture of the country in which they expand. Considering this, McDonald should pursue the same strategy when opening its cafes in other regions. For instance, in India, breakfast consists of chutneys along with the main breakfast. McDonald should therefore offer chutney in its breakfast menu in India. McDonald should continue expanding into new geographical regions and adapt menus to serve the local tastes of the consumers. It should focus on eating as a family by offering a wide range of products such as baked potatoes along with fried potatoes. The organization chart illustrates the divisional structure. Divisional structures are usually organized based on geographic areas, markets or products (Phillips and Gully, 2011). In the case of McDonalds, the division is based on geographic area with each division responsible for their own area. In this structure, it is easy to evaluate which regions are most profitable and this makes accountability easier. Marketing, Finance, Human Resource are separate divisions that help develop a unitary policy for the company in terms of their marketing, finance and human resource

International Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Accounting - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that financial reports will always need to be produced to satisfy statutory requirements, such as filing accounts or for the presentation of tax returns. As the harmonization of accounting standards takes place on a global scale, corporate reports become more comparable. This is useful for the investors who should be able to compare financial information from different business that are located in different countries. This paper makes a conclusion that in International accounting, the purpose of corporate reporting is to compliance with accounting standards. Despite the number of accounting standards in issue and the requirement for accounts to present a true and fair view, there are still number of companies that fail to comply with requirements of the standards. The financial reporting review panel in UK has the aim of ensuring that both public and private companies comply with the companies Act and accounting standards. It has expanded its role to assess financial statements prepared under international accounting standards in the UK. There are key differences between UK Standards and IFRS. The presentation of single company and group accounts in UK is governed by Companies Act 2006. but for companies or groups listed on stock exchange within European Union, they are obliged to prepare annual financial statements in accordance with International accounting standards.... The framework does not define these ideas, but compliance with international standards and the framework will help to achieve these ideas. Assessment of International Accounting The International accounting framework provides a conceptual underpinning for International financial reporting standards. One of the objectives of the framework is to provide a basis for the formulation of international financial reporting standards. The another advantage of international accounting is that the framework forms a basis for dealing with any accounting issues that arises which are not covered by accounting framework. The framework’s approach builds to corporate reporting around the definitions of assets and liabilities and the criteria for recognizing and measuring them in a statement of financial position. This approach views accounting form the perspective of the statement of financial position whereas most of companies would not consider the measurement and recognition of assets and l iabilities as the starting point for the determination of profit. In many jurisdictions, the financial statements form the basis of dividend payments, the starring point of the assessment of taxation, and often the basis for executive remuneration. A balance sheet fair value system, which International accounting standard board seems to favor, would have a major impact on the above elements. Current Development This is a long term joint project between International accounting standards and the US FASB, which was first agreed in 2004. The end point of the eight stage project will be approval of single, self-contained document which will create a foundation for the development of future accounting standard that are principal based, internally

Analysing Aquafina Bottled Water

Analysing Aquafina Bottled Water Aquafina bottled water is bottled around the country in 33 different locations from municipal tap water. It is both filtered and purified in a process that involves seven separate steps called the HydRO-7 Purification System. Included in the steps are processes such as filtration, exposure to high intensity light, osmosis, polishing, and ozonization. What results is water that has a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) content of 4 parts per million (ppm), 2.5 times lower than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maximum amount. The packaging of the water goes through a long process and creates some muda. Many of the Pepsi bottling processes are outsourced. For example, the bottles are manufactured by Amcor PET Packaging North America. The process is also very detailed and complicated in order to ensure both safety and a reliable product. We will also be explaining every material in the packaging process. Additionally, we will be discussing the recent boom of the water industry and its environmental implications over the last decade. The amount of natural resources being used to produce the entire bottled water package, is extraordinary, and causing a real problem. The environment is also being contaminated on a daily basis with a majority of the bottles being thrown away as opposed to being recycled. Along with the destruction of our planet, plastic bottles and the water contained within them are starting to be seen as a serious health threat. For the economical part of this paper, we will touch on Aquafinas numbers over the past few years and try to predict the future. We will also make suggestions on how to gain a bigger market share, and how to make safe products in a business perspective. Pepsi-Colas Aquafina, which has reigned as the number-one brand for several years, has become the U.S. bottled water businesss first billion-dollar brand in 2004 has sustained strong growth in 2005 when wholesale dollar sales neared $1.3 billion. Introduction Bottled water is one of the biggest selling beverages in the world due to its convenience and quality taste. Whether due to the uneasiness of the safety of tap water or the convenience of the bottle, bottled water continues to gain profit share for companies in the industry. Specifically for busy college students such as ourselves, it has become increasingly important for us to be able to drink water when not near a water source. Hence, the product we chose to study is Aquafina bottled water. When one purchases a bottle of Aquafina, he will receive the purified water and the bottle in which it is contained including its label, nutrition facts and ingredients, and a sealed cap. Although the Aquafina water bottle is only meant for one use, many choose to refill their bottle with ordinary tap water. Because Pacific Lutheran University contracts its beverages and vending machines through Pepsi, Aquafina is the most consumed bottled water for our campus. This report is the study of the Aquafina bottled water process, value stream, muda, and economic evaluation of the bottled water that is widely circulated not just on our campus but around the world. The HydRO-7 Purification System Purifying the Water Achieving Aquafina water is a complex and complicated process. Aquafina bottles water in 33 different municipal locations around the country from underground formation springs, the same location as our tap water. Whereas tap water is merely filtered and treated to remove bacteria and contaminants, Aquafina takes an extra step by purifying the water using the Hydro-7 purification system which removes substances according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. Creator of the state-of-the-art purification system, the HydRO-7 removes substances in seven different steps. The Aquafina website provides the consumer with information related to the filtration and purification steps of its product (www.aquafina.com). Prefiltration In this first step, the system removes tiny particles in the water through a filter. Polishing filter Here, this first polishing filter (of 2) catches any particles that were missed in the previous step. High-intensity light A burst of high energy light imparts energy into the water stream to eliminate naturally occurring organic substances in the water. Reverse Osmosis (R.O.) Here, the system uses pressure and a hyper filter to remove 98% of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and organic compounds from the water. The TDS is the sum of all dissolved solids in water in parts per million. This step uses semi-permeable membranes with smaller pore sizes than micro filtration, ultra filtration, and nano filtration to remove substances such as sodium and chloride from the water. Charcoal Filtration This step isolates the elements that affect the taste of the water in a charcoal filter. Polishing Filter This is where the system polishes the hydrogen and oxygen elements in the water to make the water clear. Ozonization The system passes purified, oxygen-rich air through a generating cell. Here, three oxygen molecules are brought together to keep unwanted particles away. When they have done their job, they revert back to double oxygen molecules. Here is a standard Aquafina nutrition facts label found either on the bottle or the packaging. More important than what is in Aquafina water is what has been removed. The Aquafina website suggests that everything that the system removes from the water is unnecessary and perhaps harmful to humans (www.aquafina.com). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires a maximum of 500 ppm (parts per million) of TDSs in spring water and the FDA requires 10 ppm in purified water. Aquafina, a purified water, bottles water at 4 ppm, 2.5 times lower than the FDA standard (Mosko, 2004). The process removes the following trace compounds from the water: Carbonates Bicarbonates Chlorides Sulfates Phosphates Nitrates Calcium Magnesium Sodium Potassium Iron Manganese Calcium and potassium are necessary for the human body, but they are still removed. Aquafina claims that the minute levels in the water have little effect on human health and removing them only delivers a more pure water (www.aquafina.com). However at the end of the purification process,  ¼ of the bottled water that Aquafina bottles is tap water (Mosko, 2004). Aquafina claims to have the purest water in the industry, but even more pure and containing less TDS is Penta water, which goes through a rigorous 11-step process and distributes water with 0.5 ppm TDS. Pentas website also explains the process and the advantages of Penta in detail (http://www.pentawater.com/what.shtml). The Aquafina system at the plant in Austin, Indiana, for example, has bottles 32,000 gallons of water an hour. The system is computer monitored and keeps track of which valves are open and closed and how much is in each tank. The Aquafina system is also used for bottling soft drinks at the plant. All the water is carbon-filtered in one of two tanks; the same process is used for all the water that is used in soft drinks, only the Aquafina water goes through the extra step of ozonization (Investing, 2004). Pepsi/Aquafina Bottling The Bottle Pepsi Bottling Ventures LLC (PBV) In July of 2002 the first products were being produced at PBVs new small-bottle PET line in Raleigh, NC in a 200,000 sq ft production/distribution plant. This was a $40 million investment for PBV that gave the company the ability to increase production. PBV has bottling rights for Pepsi products covering most of North Carolina and a portion of Long Island, NY. One of the facilities that upgraded to the PBV production bottling plant was the Raleigh location with the primary goal being the production of bottled water under the Aquafina label, one of the fastest growing products within Pepsi. The need for this upgraded production facility from PBV offers Pepsi the ability to be competitive and cost-conscious (Mans, 2003). Features Individual sanitary enclosures are designed and manufactured by ICS Intl. These contain washing/capping/filling systems on the PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) lines. The fillers are housed in one room, with a common heating, ventilating and air conditioning system. The PBV plant features an individual sanitary enclosure for each filling system with monobloc filler guards that are integrated into the face of the enclosure. The enclosures have an epoxy floor that is sloped to a stainless-steel drain, vision panels and a complete air-quality control system. The walls and ceiling are made of insulation sandwich panels consisting of inside and outside stainless-steel panels filled with polyurethane foam. The clean rooms come complete with lighting, doors, an air filtration unit, air conditioning, and an air exhaust system. The air-filtration units maintain pressure in the enclosure to prevent outside air from entering (Mans, 2003). Bottles Aquafina uses bottles that are produced by Amcor PET Packaging-North America. Amcor uses PET to make plastic containers for Pepsi products. Amcors website states that this plastic material is manufactured from various by-products of the oil and gas industries, especially ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. PET consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and can be incinerated without residues for energy recovery. PET is the most valuable of the recyclable plastics. It offers the ability for the container to be lightweight, shatter resistant, resealable and recyclable. The formation of a bottle is blow molded which involves blowing air into a molten plastic tube and then forcing the material to follow the shape of the mold. Injection molding is also involved which is the process of converting plastic pellets by using heat and pressure to inject the molten material into a water-cooled mold. Amcors website explains this technology (http://www.amcor.com/Default.aspx?id=505). Filtration/Sanitation/Air Quality The units have three filtration stages. These stages involve roughing filters, bag filters and HEPA filters for an average air quality of Class 1,000. ICS added an air extractor that sucks the air from the enclosure and ducts it outside the plant to avoid discharging air loaded with sugar or ozone into the surrounding area inside the plant. Air quality is optimized through the limits that are placed on the filler. This also allows the operator to stand outside the room and control the machine (Mans, 2003). Bottling Pre-labeled bottles are delivered to an automatic depalletizer on pallets with cardboard slipsheets between the layers. The depalletizer raises the pallet one layer at a time. A sweep carriage equipped with suction cups swings over and automatically removes the slipsheet and deposits it in a bin for return to the bottle supplier. The depalletizer then indexes the layer of bottles up, and the carriage sweeps the bottles onto a mass bottle conveyor. The bottles on the small-PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) line are then conveyed in mass to two Lanfranchi high-speed bottle scramblers which have rotating turrets that orient the bottles in an upright position. Level sensors in the hopper of each unscrabler turn delivery elevators on and off to maintain bottles in the hoppers. The bottles from both unscramblers converge in single-file and are injected into the neck-guided air-conveyance system, where the bottles are supported by rods beneath their neck finishes. The bottles are then pushed along the chamber by air blowing. The depalletizing workcell includes three depalletizers and is designed to allow two operators to feed containers to three production lines. Empty bottles are conveyed directly via air conveyor into the sanitary enclosure and the infeed star of the monobloc rinser/filler/capper. All bottle-handling within the monobloc is accomplished by supports under the neck rings of the bottles. The bottles are delivered to the gripping heads of the 108-station rinser through the entrance starwheel, and are turned upside down as the unit rotates. Purified water is sprayed into the bottles through nozzles affixed to the gripping heads, and then drains out as the unit continues its rotation. This solution contains ozone for maximum cleaning efficiency when producing Aquafina. Bottles are then turned upright and discharge through a starwheel that also serves as the delivery starwheel to the filler. The filler for these bottles is an isobaric-volumetric machine with 144 filling valves. Each filling valve is connected to the central tank through a product pipe and two gas pipes connected to the carbon dioxide supply. One pipe is used for the bottle pressurization and the other pipe for the pressure stabilization between the tank and the filling valve. When running Aquafina, the system uses nitrogen instead of carbon dioxide. The level inside the filling cylinder is essentially the same as the level in the central tank, and changes in the quantity of fill for different bottle sizes is accomplished by changing the level in the central tank. A piston in each cylinder is adjusted by an external magnetic coupling to set the exact volume to be filled to an accuracy of  ±2 mL. This is done from the operator panel (Mans, 2003). Capping From the filler, bottles travel through another starwheel into the 36-head Arol CSD screw capper. Caps are supplied by Alcoa and are sorted and delivered to the capper by a system from SIDEL, Packaging Systems Div. Caps are loaded into a hopper located outside of the enclosure. Then a nearly vertical belt carries the caps to the top of the enclosure. Caps are contained on horizontal cleats on the belt and if any caps improperly orient they fall back into the hopper. The belt discharges the caps onto a track that carries them down to the capper. A transfer star picks the caps from the track and places them on the capping head, which then rotates synchronously above the bottle turret. The capping head lowers and screws the cap onto the bottle as the unit rotates. Capped bottles leaving the enclosure pass through an Industrial Dynamics Filtec x-ray fill height inspector. The capped bottles then pass two Videojet Excel ink-jet printers that print a freshness date on the bottle cap tamper ring. The plant has installed two of these units to provide redundancy in case one unit malfunctions. For added security a Domino laser printer applies production codes and a freshness date to the bottle. After being coded the bottles then travel onto a multichain mat-top conveyor that slows their transport speed from 350 to 40 ft/min and accumulates the bottles from single-file to mass (Mans, 2003). Label/ Glue/ Packing /Packaging A HiCone machine produces six-packs of 16- and 24-oz, and 500-mL bottles. The bottles are delivered to the machine in two lanes. The two lanes separate six bottles and apply the plastic carrier material. The material is delivered in a continuous web to a large vertical wheel rotating above the bottles. The wheel pushes the web down onto the six bottles, and it is then cut to separate the six-pack. The packs are then diverted into two lanes and fed to a Hartness 2650 continuous-motion case packer that places four six-packs into reusable plastic crates for delivery to the PBV warehouse for distribution. Bottles can also be conveyed to a packing installation incorporating a Model MW7 multipacker and a Model TDL tray former/loader and shrink wrapper, all supplied by Douglas Machine. Each of these servo-driven machines has its own control panel, with intuitive touchscreen interfaces with real-time production data, maintenance scheduling and changeover settings. Bottles are delivered to the multiwrapper where groups of six or 12 bottles are then wrapped in registered film. This is a dual-stream machine that wraps two parallel groups of bottles simultaneously. Bottles are delivered in mass to the machine and are separated into either six or twelve bottle groupings by a proprietary pinless metering system. The groups are then delivered into the wrapping section. The film is placed around the bottle group and the package is conveyed through a heated shrink tunnel. Four six packs or two twelve packs are then delivered to the tray former/loader. The machine forms a tray from a paperboard blank, pushes the wrapped packs onto the tray, and then seals the open sides with hot-melt glue. This glue is applied by a Nordson glue system. Some 500-mL bottles, as well as 20- and 24-oz bottles of all products can bypass the multipacker and be delivered directly to the tray former/loader. After these are placed on the tray, it travels through a shrink wrapper/heat tunnel. Once the products are packaged, they are conveyed past a Videojet ink-jet case coder for application of production codes and then overhead to an automatic palletizer. Each sku is individually palletized to a designed stacking pattern. Individual packages are delivered to the upper level of the palletizer and are assembled into layers. After each layer is completed the platform is then lowered so the next layer can be assembled. Finished pallet loads are released at floor level and are transported by pallet conveyor to an Orion stretch wrapper. PBV uses plastic pallets that have improved palletizing efficiency and eliminated the debris and floor damage that are usually caused by wood pallets (Mans, 2003). Finished Products/ Reductions of Plant Costs Finished products are stacked two or three high, without pallet racks, and are rotated by code dates. The warehouse has been designed to have twin-load pallet racks in the future that will accommodate four-high stacking. The forklifts are also responsible for placing empty pallets into the palletizers. The PBV plant was specifically designed to allow all raw materials and finished goods to be handled on double forklifts. These forklifts allow two pallets to be picked up at a time and greatly reduce loading and unloading time of the production equipment. The dock equipment was engineered to allow the movement of these extra-wide and heavy loads in and out of the building. The double-fork trucks are also used to load trailers with finished products going to the sales centers, unload return trailers with empty plastic pallets and shells, store empty shells and pallets, and feed empty shells to the three lines. Double-fork trucks greatly reduce the number of forklifts and total travel distance in high-volume beverage plants (Mans, 2003). The Need for Water Vs. The Need for Bottled Water Water is a precious resource and the source of life. Its one that many people take for granted on a daily basis, and because of that, a water crisis has been developing over the last few decades. According to a study done in the year 2000, 346,800 million gallons per day (mgd) of freshwater and 61,200 mgd of saltwater were used in the United States (Water, 2006). Based on these numbers, its figured that the typical American single family home consumes, on average, 69.3 gallons of water per day (Water, 2006). Our daily needs include hydrating ourselves, using in food preparation, flushing toilets, showering, kitchen and bathroom sink purposes, and washing clothes and dishes. These uses attribute to the amount of water consumed, both for purposeful reasons, as well as for wasteful and unnecessary reasons. While hydrating ourselves to keep our body functions working properly does not consist of a large portion of the daily water usage among Americans, it is still an amount that is being used and will never decrease. Human beings need, on average, eight to twelve cups of water per day to replenish the approximately ten cups of water lost each day due to body functions, varying either more or less depending on activity level (Lempert, 2004). Because of this physical need, someone realized that they could profit. This profit realization turned into a multi-billion dollar business we now know as the bottled water industry. The thought that one day human beings would spend money on a bottled version of something that they can get from their own home for a fraction of a cent for the same amount, is mind-boggling but has become the norm. Nothing is created without a need or a want; hence, bottled water was created. Since the U.S. is becoming a more on-the-go society each and every day, Americans rely more and more convenience items. One example of this is the rise of fast food restaurants, which happens to be a factor in the current obesity epidemic in America. So, because of this go, go, go! mentality, many just do not have the time to walk to a sink and fill up a glass with water. They instead need to have it right by their side, only needing to open up a cap and just toss it to the side when it is empty and open up the next thats right there. Another beneficial aspect is in times of emergencies, such as a hurricanes or earthquakes, the water supplies to those areas are usually shut down and/or contamin ated. In which case, bottled water is needed for consumption. Besides the convenience and emergency factors, Americans seem to think that bottled water is a safer, and sometimes, tastier, alternative to tap water. Some people fear coming down with gastrointestinal illnesses, while others fear contaminants, such as pesticides, to enter their bodies (Terry, 2005). People live under the impression that all bottled water is safer to drink than tap water because of a typical misconception, the idea that if it is bottled or packaged by a beverage or food company, then it must be safe. This is an idea that can be argued back and forth. Consumption, Recycling, Physical Harm, and Muda The amount of bottled water being purchased is growing almost exponentially each year. According to a bottled water study, based on the year 2004, Americans consumed 6.76 billion gallons of the pricey beverage (Falcone, 2006). This total amount averaged out to 70 million one-serving bottles being drank each and every day (Falcone, 2006). Consuming that many bottles of water everyday is incredible, and it is no wonder that entrepreneurs are coming up with new ideas all the time on how to get into the bottled water industry. A big reason for the increasing amount of bottled water drinkers is because of, as mentioned earlier, the convenience. It is a lot easier to grab a couple of bottled waters from the refrigerator before going somewhere. Aside from the convenience or laziness factor, the rise in bottled water consumption has begun to have a serious impact on our environment. With the amount of bottled water being produced everyday, there is a high amount of left over product once the water has been drank that must be dealt with. That portion left over happens to be the plastic bottle, something that is not the most earth-friendly item. Of the daily amount of bottled water being consumed, 70 million, 60 million are never recycled (Falcone, 2006). On a daily basis, that means that approximately 86% of bottles are thrown away and sent to a landfill, hurting our environment. This also means that 60 million new plastic bottles have to be created each day to replace those that are thrown in the trash, which amounts to more natural resources being used and more future muda being produced. What is more disturbing is that once these bottles are taken to a landfill, they can take up to 1,000 years to fully decompose (Falcone, 2006). First of all, how is someone able to compute that amount, because, after all, bottled water is a fairly new concept? And secondly, wi th 60 million bottles being added to dumps each day all over the U.S., where are the bottles going to be taken to in ten years, when most likely the amount of bottled waste has doubled, or even tripled? So why is it that the majority of plastic bottles are not being recycled? Many experts say that it is because vehicles are not equipped with recycling receptacles (Falcone, 2006). Since a majority of Americans who purchase bottled water are on-the-go all the time, they have less patience and desire to hold onto their empty plastic bottles until they get to a location where a recycling bin is present. It is easier to just throw them in the trash or on the street. It seems ridiculous that it is easier for people to throw a bottle in the trash as opposed to recycling especially when many places are placing recycling bins next to trash cans. This laziness and lack of patience is causing an extreme amount of harm on the environment. To put this idea into perspective the amount of muda in California created ten years from now would create a two lane, six-inch deep highway that stretches the entire coast of California (Wilson, 2003). During the rare 14% of the time when empty bottles of water are recycled, a lot of good can come from them and it is a step in the right direction in helping the environment. The raw materials used to make the plastic bottles can be saved and used for numerous items which helps to save resources from being destroyed to make new products. By looking at California only, it is estimated that one billion plastic bottles get thrown away over the course of a year (Wilson, 2003). This amount calculates to almost three million bottles being thrown away each and every day (Wilson, 2003). That is an incredible, as well as, disturbing, amount of unnecessary trash. If instead of being thrown away each and every one of those bottles were recycled, the materials reused could produce either 74 million square feet of carpet, 74 million extra large T-shirts, or 16 million sweaters (Wilson, 2003). It is incredible to think that a plastic bottle could be turned into other useful items and help save the environment by not using as many natural resources. Some other interesting information about the recycled material is that five recycled bottles can produce one extra large T-shirt, polyesther carpets can be created from the resin contained within the bottles, and the materials of the bottle can be spun like cotton candy and produce filling for quilts and pillows (Recycling, 2006). By looking over these types of statistics, it paints a wonderful picture of how recycling so much can be saved. Many precious fossil fuels are wasted in this process. The transportation of bottled water to other parts of the U.S. as well as being shipped to other parts of the world uses large amounts of fuel on a yearly basis. This fuel is being wasted on a daily basis for a product that a majority of Americans can get for almost nothing just by turning a knob in their own home (Arnold, 2006). Besides wasting fuel on transportation costs, this same precious resource is being consumed during the packaging process. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the type of plastic most commonly used to produce bottles and just so happens to contain crude oil (Bottled, 2005). According to research, 1.5 million barrels of crude oil is used over the course of a year to be able to produce the amount of bottles Americans demand (Bottled, 2005). Putting this amount into perspective, 1.5 million barrels would be enough to fuel approximately 100,000 cars for an entire year in the U.S. (Bottled, 2005). It is no sho ck that our world is currently dealing with a fuel crisis. By wasting such an extreme amount of oil on the production of bottles and transporting the finished product, we are not only hurting the environment but we are ruining the future for the next generations. Previously mentioned was the apparent safeness of bottled water as opposed to tap water. While in some cases this may be true, tap water can be just as good as bottled and it may even be safer. Many scientific studies have been conducted on bottled water over the years and some of the information found is disturbing. Unlike tap water, which is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), bottled water is classified as a food. Hence, it is regulated by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) (Mosko, 2004). The two groups have different standards in which companies are to follow otherwise harsh consequences result. Some differences are that the FDA does not require products to be tested for coliform bacteria whereas the EPA specifies that no confirmed E.coli or fecal coliform contamination is allowed in tap water (Howard, 2003). Also unlike the EPA, contaminants are not required to be listed after testing whereas additives are required (Mosko, 2004). Since 1990, findings of chem ical contamination and fecal coliform during testing have caused 11 major recalls of bottled water (Mosko, 2004). According to a study done by the World Wildlife Fund, bacterial counts in bottled mineral water can jump 1,000-fold after one week in storage (Mosko, 2004). When bottled water is stored in an un-refrigerated environment for a long period of time, the amount of microorganisms that begin to develop are far greater than the amount contained within tap water (Mosko, 2004). Some water companies, including Aquafina, do not use NSF-certification which tests bottled water for 144 dangerous contaminants (Mosko, 2004). Besides the water being unsafe in many cases, the plastic bottles can also cause a health threat to consumers. When bottled water drinkers notice a taste difference between brands, some of that difference can be attributed to the type of plastic used for the bottle. If the type of plastic used can have an effect on the taste of the water, shouldnt that make a person wonder as to what else the plastic is doing to the water microscopically? One such chemical used in PET bottles, known as Bisphenol-A, is a known endocrine disruptor and carcinogen (Mosko, 2004). This chemical found through testing mixes with the water contained inside the bottle (Mosko, 2004). It is one thing for a person to be inhaling smoke from cigarettes and knowing the possible cancer they are creating within their body. But it is absolutely ridiculous and uncalled for when a person unknowingly harms their body on a daily basis by drinking a product they are told is healthy and necessary for survival. With all of these findings from studies, just how good is that three-dollar bottle of water looking to a person now? Economical and Environmental Analysis in the Business Process First, some numbers on PepsiCo and Aquafina: According to the New York Times, The Pepsi Bottling Group posted better-than-expected profit April 18th as strong sales of Aquafina bottled water and Lipton Ice Tea brands in North America offset rising costs for raw material and fuel (Pepsi, 2006). The company had net income of $34 million, or 14 cents a share, compared with $39 million, or 15 cents a share, in the period a year earlier. Earnings were 3 cents ahead of analysts average forecast of 11 cents a share, according to Reuters Estimates. Excluding stock option expense, Pepsi Bottlings profit was 18 cents a share. The company, which is 43 percent, owned by PepsiCo Inc., said revenue rose to $2.37 billion from $2.15 billion. In the United States, sales of noncarbonated beverages, excluding water, grew more than 20 percent in the quarter while sales of Aquafina water grew about 35 percent. Pepsi Bottling said first-quarter sales by volume, a crucial gauge of performance in the bevera ge industry, rose 6 percent worldwide as well as in the United States and Canada. The company said worldwide net revenue per case grew 4 percent, fueled by price increases in the United States that helped offset a 9 percent jump in selling, delivery and administrative expenses (The New York Times, April